Uso tópico de sevoflurano en heridas complejas de miembro inferior / Topical use of sevoflurane in complex lower limb wounds

El dolor crónico asociado a heridas de larga evolución en miembros inferiores constituye una situación de conflicto con características angustiantes que compromete seriamente la calidad de vida e interfiere en el proceso de reparación tisular, estableciendo un cuadro propio en el cual la herida se transforma en un componente más de esta compleja condición y no el motivo en sí de la consulta. Dadas las limitaciones y efectos negativos de las terapias usuales para el alivio del dolor crónico en heridas, se establece una apertura a nuevas propuestas adyuvantes. Motivo de ello es el propósito del presente trabajo, a través del uso de sevoflurano tópico para evaluar el incremento de la analgesia en una población con úlceras en miembro inferior de diverso origen etiológico.

Prótesis colónicas en el tratamiento paliativo del cáncer colónico. Nuestra evaluación tras 10 años de experiencia / Self-expanding metal stents in the palliative treatmentof coloncancer. Results of 10 years of experience

Introducción: la colocación de prótesis metálicas autoexpansibles (PAE) por vía endoscópica surge como opción terapéutica para la obstrucción colónica neoplásica en dos situaciones: como tratamiento paliativo y como puente a la cirugía curativa. Este procedimiento evita cirugías en dos tiempos y disminuye la probabilidad de colostomía definitiva y sus complicaciones con el consecuente deterioro de la calidad de vida. Objetivo: comunicar nuestra experiencia en la colocación de PAE para el tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción colorrectal neoplásica. Diseño: retrospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo y observacional. Material y métodos: se incluyeron todos los pacientes a quienes el mismo grupo de endoscopistas les colocó PAE con intención paliativa por cáncer colorrectal avanzado entre agosto de 2008 y diciembre de 2019. Fueron analizadas las variables demográficas y clínicas, el éxito técnico y clínico, las complicaciones tempranas y tardías y la supervivencia. Resultados: se colocó PAE en 54 pacientes. La media de edad fue 71 años. El 85% de las lesiones se localizó en el colon izquierdo. En el 57% de los pacientes se realizó en forma ambulatoria. El éxito técnico y clínico fue del 92 y 90%, respectivamente y la supervivencia media de 209 días. La tasa de complicaciones fue del 29,6%, incluyendo un 14,8% de obstrucción y un 5,6% de migración. La mortalidad tardía atribuible al procedimiento fue del 5,6%, ocasionada por 3 perforaciones tardías: 2 abiertas y 1 microperforación con formación de absceso localizado. Conclusiones: la colocación de PAE como tratamiento paliativo de la obstrucción neoplásica colónica es factible, eficaz y segura. Permitió el manejo ambulatorio o con internación breve y la realimentación temprana, mejorando las condiciones para afrontar un eventual tratamiento quimioterápico paliativo. Las mayoría de las complicaciones fueron tardías y resueltas endoscópicamente en forma ambulatoria. (AU)

Introduction: endoscopic placement of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) emerges as a therapeutic option for neoplastic obstruction of the colon in two situations: as palliative treatment and as a bridge to curative surgery. This procedure avoids two-stage surgeries and reduces the probability of permanent colostomy and its complications with the consequent deterioration in quality of life. Objective: to report our experience in the placement of SEMS as palliative treatment in neoplastic colorectal obstruction. Design: retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive and observational study. Methods: all patients in whom the same group of endoscopists performed SEMS placement with palliative intent for advanced colorectal cancer between August 2008 and December 2019 were analyzed. Data collected were demographic and clinical variables, technical and clinical success, early and late complications, and survival. Results: SEMS were placed in 54 patients. The average age was 71 years. Eighty-five percent were left-sided tumors. In 57% of the patients the procedure was performed on an outpatient basis. Technical and clinical success was 92 and 90%, respectively, and median survival was 209 days. The complication rate was 29.6%, including 14.8% obstruction and 5.6% migration. Late mortality attributable to the procedure was 5.6%, caused by 3 late perforations: 2 open and 1 microperforation with localized abscess formation. Conclusions: The placement of SEMS as a palliative treatment for neoplastic colonic obstruction is feasible, effective and safe. It allowed outpa-tient management or brief hospitalization and early refeeding, improving the conditions to face an eventual palliative chemotherapy treatment. Most complications were late and resolved endoscopically on an outpatient basis. (AU)

Ligadura del trayecto fistuloso interesfinteriano. Nuestros resultados / Ligation of the intersphincteric fistulatract. Our results

Introducción: existen varias técnicas para el tratamiento quirúrgico de las fístulas anales, con variables resultados. La técnica de ligadura del trayecto fistuloso interesfinteriano (LIFT) consiste en la disección del espacio entre ambos esfínteres para localizar el trayecto fistuloso y proceder a su ligadura y sección. Objetivo: evaluar nuestros resultados con la técnica de LIFT para del tratamiento de las fístulas anales transesfinterianas. Diseño: retrospectivo, observacional de corte transversal. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con fístulas transesfinterianas tratados con LIFT desde enero de 2013 a diciembre 2020. El seguimiento postoperatorio se realizó hasta los 2 años. Resultados: se operaron 62 pacientes. El sexo predominante fue masculino. Hubo 47 pacientes con fístulas transesfinterianas bajas y 15 con fístulas transesfinterianas altas. En todos se identificó el trayecto fistuloso realizándose ligadura de ambos cabos del trayecto interesfinteriano y se procedió a un curetaje del trayecto a través del orificio externo. Cinco pacientes (8%) presentaron dehiscencia de piel a nivel de la incisión del espacio interesfinteriano, manejado en forma conservadora. Este grupo tuvo una cicatrización mas retardada de 4 semanas. Ocurrió recidiva en 22 (35,5%) pacientes. Conclusión: La técnica de LIFT parece una alternativa eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de las fístulas transesfinterianas bajas y altas ya que no altera la anatomía ni la continencia. (AU)

Introduction: there are various techniques for the surgical treatment of anal fistulas, with variable results. The ligation procedure of the intersphincteric fistulous tract (LIFT) consists of dissecting the space between both sphincters to locate the fistulous tract and proceed to its ligation and section. Objective: to evaluate our results with the LIFT procedure for the treatment of transsphincteric anal fistulas. Design: retrospective, cross-sectional observational study. Material and methods: all patients with transsphincteric fistulas treated with LIFT from January 2013 to December 2020 were included. Postoperative follow-up was carried out for up to 2 years. Results: sixty-two patients underwent surgery. The predominant sex was male. There were 47 patients with low transsphincteric fistulas and 15 with high transsphincteric fistulas. After identifying the fistulous tract in the intersphincteric groove, both ends were ligated and the tract was cut. Finally, curettage of the tract through the external orifice was performed. Five patients (8%) presented skin dehiscence at the level of the intersphincteric groove incision, managed conservatively. This group had a longer healing time of four weeks. Recurrence occurred in 22 (35.5%) patients. Conclusion: the LIFT procedure appears to be an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of low and high transsphincteric fistulas, since it does not alter the anatomy or continence. (AU)

3D radiotherapy in the parotid gland and its dosimetric relationship with salivary flow and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer

Aim: Hyposalivation and dry mouth affect the quality of life in patients with Head and Neck Cancer, who did the treatment with radiotherapy. Thus this study has the objective to evaluate the dosimetric relationship between 3D radiotherapy and changes in salivary flow, xerostomia and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer according to the volume of the irradiated parotid gland. Methods: 23 patients with cancer in the head and neck area and in need of 3D radiotherapy were followed up during radiotherapy treatment, and the parotid gland (PG) design was also performed in radiotherapy planning. Questionnaires were carried out to determine xerostomia and quality of life, while the salivary flow was determined through calculations regarding the collection and weighing of saliva. Such data were collected in three moments: before the beginning of the radiotherapy treatment (D0), in the middle of the treatment (D1) and at the end of it (D2). The numerical variables are represented by measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Results: when associating the salivary flow, the xerostomia questionnaire and the OHIP-14, a statistically significant difference was found (p-value <0.001), as well as when comparing some volumes of irradiated PG with the OHIP-14. However, no relationship was found between dosimetric data, xerostomia and hyposalivation. Conclusion: patients undergoing 3D radiotherapy for malignant neoplasms in the head and neck region had decreased salivary flow, increased complaints of dry mouth and decreased quality of life. However, it was not possible to establish a statistically significant correlation between these findings and the volumes of irradiated parotids

Self-perception of need to replace dentures and oral health-related quality of life: cross-sectional study nested in a Cohort in Southern Brazil

Aim: With the significant increase in life expectancy over the last decades, it is important to understand how oral health can impact the oral health-related quality of life of older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between need to replace dentures and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among older adults belonging to a Cohort in southern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the 2019 Pelotas Elderly Cohort. The OHRQoL was assessed using the GOHAI. Need to replace dentures was self-report using a question dichotomized into yes/no. In the statistical analysis, unadjusted and adjusted models estimate from linear regression models were calculated. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: A total of 493 older adults were included. On the GOHAI questionnaire, the mean score was 32.74 (SD±0.16). Individuals considering need of prosthesis replacement were 47.89%. Report of need to replace dentures was associated to lowest mean on the GOHAI score (ß -1.14; 95%CI - 1.80; -0.478, and on the physical (ß -0.56; 95%CI - 0.94 -0.17) and psychosocial (ß -0.48; 95%CI - 0.74; -0.22) dimensions. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of also considering subjective measures of oral health in the dental care of older adults, since reporting the need for denture replacement, regardless of the reason, was associated with a worse oral health-related quality of life, including physical and psychosocial aspects

Qualidade de vida do cuidador informal de idosos com doença de alzheimer na pandemia COVID-19 / Quality of life of informal caregivers of aged people with alzheimer's disease during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: Desvelar sobre a qualidade de vida dos cuidadores informais de idosos com Doença de Alzheimer em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 12 cuidadores informais de idosos, selecionados por conveniência. O processamento dos dados foi realizado pelo software IraMuTeQ e análise das classes pelo método de Strauss e Corbin, da qual emergiram 4 classes: rede social e mudança na rotina dos cuidadores informais no período da pandemia da COVID-19; fatores que interferem na QV do cuidador informal; vivenciando o diagnóstico de Alzheimer pelo cuidador informal e sentimentos despertados pela sobrecarga dos cuidadores informais de idosos com DA. Resultados: O perfil feminino se sobressaiu, com destaque para cuidadores com idade entre 40 a 49 anos, casados, ensino médio incompleto, desempenhando esta função por mais de cinco anos e em tempo integral. Os fatores que interferem na qualidade de vida são a falta de tempo, sobrecarga do cuidado, falta de lazer, baixas atividades sociais e sentimentos de tristeza, ansiedade, nervosismo, depressão e desespero. Conclusão: Constatou-se que os aspectos encontrados foram impactados ainda mais durante o período da pandemia da COVID-19, que reconfigurou a rotina do idoso com Alzheimer e do cuidador informal. Descritores: Doença de Alzheimer; Cuidadores. Idosos; Coronavírus; Qualidade de Vida.

Objective:To reveal the quality of life of informal caregivers of aged people with Alzheimer's disease in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method:Adescriptive and qualitative study conducted through semi-structured interviews with 12 informal caregivers of older adults, selected by convenience. Data processing was performed using the IraMuTeQ software and class analysis using the Strauss and Corbin method, from which 4 classes emerged, namely: Social network and change in the routine of informal caregivers during theCOVID-19 pandemic period; Factors that interfere with the QoL of informal caregivers; How informal caregivers experience the Alzheimer's disease diagnosis; and Feelings awakened by the burden of informal caregivers of aged people with AD. Results:The female profile stood out, with emphasis on caregivers aged from 40 to 49 years old, married, incomplete High School, and performing this role for more than five years and full-time. The factors that interfere with quality of life are lack of time, care burden, lack of leisure, few social activities and feelings of sadness, anxiety, nervousness, depression and despair. Conclusion:It was verified that the aspects found were impacted even more during the COVID-19 pandemic period, which reconfigured the routine of older adults with Alzheimer's and of informal caregivers. Descriptors: Alzheimer Disease; Caregivers; Aged; Coronavirus; Quality of Life.

Assessment of quality-of-life in cancer patients at tertiary care hospital in North India

Introduction: Cancer is a disease that emerges as a result of abnormal cell proliferation and their propensity to spread from one bodily region to another. There are over a hundred different types of cancer that impact individuals all over the world. It is difficult to identify in the early stages, but there are certain warning signals that the cells will turn malignant. Quality of life (QOL) is described by the World Health Organisation as "individuals' perception of life, values, objectives, standards, and interests within the cultural framework of the social environment in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns." QOL assessment in health system is a multidimensional construct that can be measured by evaluating objective levels of health status filtered by the subjective perceptions and expectations of the individual. Aim and Objective: To assess socio-demographic factors and quality of life among cancer patients in tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital Faridkot district, Punjab (India). The study was conducted for a period of six months after getting approval from Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC). Generic instrument, SF-36 was used to assess the QOL. The study was analyzed on SPSS version 26.0 software. Descriptive and analytical analysis was used to describe the results. Results: Linear regression was conducted to see the relationship of physical functioning score with age and weight of the patients. The descriptive statistics shows the mean and standard deviation of the variable. The mean of physical functioning score was found to be (M = 27.82, SD = 15.635). The physical functioning score and age, weight of the patients in linear regression shows that the age and weight explain 17.5% Conclusion: Treatment revealed that severe and moderate activities restricted nearly half of the assessed patients, with body pain interfering with employment and routine activities. According to the findings of the current study, QOL deteriorates as the disease progresses. Cancer unquestionably has a detrimental influence on patients' quality of life, which is connected to the illness process itself, the therapy administered, and the length of the disease. (AU)

Percepción de la calidad de vida de personas receptoras de trasplante renal en etapas temprana y tardía / Quality of life in kidney transplant recipients in early and late stages: a qualitative study

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica incluye diversos tratamientos, el trasplante renal es el procedimiento electivo debido a la mejora de la calidad de vida y la supervivencia frente a otros tratamientos. El paciente experimenta situaciones abrumadoras por la complejidad que implica la adaptación. Objetivo: comparar la percepción de calidad de vida postrasplante en la etapa temprana y tardía en cuatro dimensiones. Metodología: estudio con enfoque cualitativo, aplicación del diseño fenomenológico con alcance de saturación de categorías. La calidad de vida se enfocó en cuatro dimensiones: bienestar físico, bienestar emocional, relaciones interpersonales y bienestar material. Se utilizó la herramienta Atlas ti V.20 para capturar datos, evaluar y visualizar las relaciones entre entrevistas para crear redes semánticas. Resultados: se entrevistó a 10 personas sobre su percepción de calidad de vida posterior al trasplante renal en la etapa temprana y tardía, independientemente de su situación funcional, social, psicológica y económica. Conclusiones: la calidad de vida percibida en las personas receptoras de trasplante renal son el constructor de sus actividades y su reintegración a ellas, preservando hechos como el mantenimiento de su estado de salud, vínculo de sus relaciones y producción laboral. Estudiar dicha percepción ampliada en las dimensiones estudiadas describen mejor el estado progresivo en la recuperación... (AU)

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease includes various treatments, Kidney Transplantation is the elective procedure, due to the improvement in quality of life and survival compared to other treatments. The patient experiences overwhelming situations due to the complexity that adaptation implies. Objective: To compare the perception of quality of life after transplantation in the early and late stages in four dimensions. Methodology: Study with a qualitative approach, application of the phenomenological design with a scope of saturation of categories, it is worth mentioning that the quality of life was focused on four dimensions: physical well-being, emotional well-being, interpersonal relationships and material well-being. The tool Atlas ti V.20 was used to capture data, evaluate and visualize the relationships between interviews to create semantic networks. Results: 10 patients were interviewed about the perception of quality-of-life post-transplant improvement in early and late stages, regardless of their functional, social, psychological and economic situation; Conclusions: The perceived quality of life in kidney transplant recipients is the construct of their activities and their reintegration into them, preserving facts such as the maintenance of their state of health, the bond of their relationships and labor production. Studying this expanded perception in the dimensions studied better describe the progressive state in recovery.

Calidad de vida y salud bucal: Percepción de los adultos mayores institucionalizados / Quality of life and oral health: perception of institutionalized older adults

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal puede medirse a través de la evaluación del Perfil de Impacto de Salud Oral (OHIP-14), que permite estimar el impacto social y funcional de las enfermedades bucales en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de la salud bucal en la calidad de vida de adultos mayores institucionalizados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en el Hogar de Ancianos «Celia Sánchez», municipio Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara, durante el año 2019. La población estuvo representada por los 140 adultos mayores institucionalizado, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra intencional no probabilística de 138, previo consentimiento informado. Se utilizó el cuestionario OHIP-14. Resultados: En adultos mayores de 70 a 79 años (21,7%), masculinos (72,5 %), raza blanca (73,2 %), la evaluación del OHIP-14 arrojó la ausencia de las dimensiones de limitación funcional (83,3 %), dolor físico (81,2 %), malestar psicológico (76,1 %), incapacidad física (58,0 %), incapacidad psicológica (60,9 %), incapacidad social (76,8 %), minusvalía (77,5 %). Conclusiones: Se determinó un alto impacto de la salud bucal en la calidad de vida de adultos mayores institucionalizados en la población de estudio, donde la dimensión con mayor representatividad fue la de dolor físico, y se identificó una mayor tendencia general a la respuesta "nunca" en las dimensiones de incapacidad social y minusvalía.

Introduction: quality of life related to oral health can be measured through the evaluation of the Oral Health Impact Profile which allows estimating the social and functional impact of oral diseases in older adults. Objective: to determine the impact of oral health on the quality of life of institutionalized older adults. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at "Celia Sánchez" Nursing Home in Santa Clara municipality, Villa Clara province, during 2019. The population was represented by 140 institutionalized older adults, from which an intentional non-probabilistic sample of 138 was selected with their prior informed consents. The OHIP-14 questionnaire was used. Results: older adults aged 70 to 79 years (21.7%), males (72.5%) and whites (73.2%) predominated; the evaluation of the OHIP-14 showed the absence of the dimensions of functional limitation ( 83.3%), physical pain (81.2%), psychological discomfort (76.1%), physical disability (58.0%), psychological disability (60.9%), social disability (76.8%) and handicap (77.5%). Conclusions: a high impact of oral health on the quality of life of institutionalized older adults from the study population was determined, where the most representative dimension was physical pain and a greater general tendency was identified to respond "never" in the dimensions of social disability and handicap.

Quality of life in caregivers of aged stroke survivors in southern Brazil: Arandomized clinical trial / Qualidade de vida de cuidadores de idosos sobreviventes de AVC no sul do Brasil: Ensaio clínico randomizado / Calidad de vida en cuidadores de adultos mayores sobrevivientes de accidentes cerebrovasculares en el sur de Brasil: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the effect of nursing home care interventions on the quality of life in family caregivers of aged stroke survivors. Method: a Randomized Clinical Trial, blinded for outcome evaluation. Forty-eighty family caregivers of aged stroke survivors participated in the study. The Intervention Group received three home visits by nurses one month after hospital discharge to provide stroke-related education (i.e., how to access health services and perform care activities) and emotional support. The Control Group received the usual guidance from the health services. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument and the Old Module(WHOQOL-OLD) 1 week, 2 months, and 1 year after discharge. Results: the caregivers were mainly women, children, or spouses. The caregivers in the Intervention Group and Control Group did not significantly differ in terms of their Overall Quality of Life at baseline. There was no interaction effect between group allocation and Overall Quality of Life(p=0.625) over time. However, there was an interaction effect for Social Relations(p=0.019) and Autonomy (p=0.004). Conclusion: the intervention exerted a statistically significant effect on the quality of life of family caregivers with respect to social relationships and autonomy. Trial registration: NCT02807012.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de intervenção educativa domiciliar de enfermagem na qualidade de vida de cuidadores familiares de idosos sobreviventes de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Método: Ensaio Clínico Randomizado, cego para avaliação de resultados. Quarenta e oito cuidadores familiares de idosos sobreviventes de AVC participaram do estudo. O Grupo de Intervenção recebeu três visitas domiciliares de enfermeiros, um mês após a alta hospitalar, para fornecer educação relacionada ao AVC (como acessar os serviços de saúde e realizar atividades de cuidado) e apoio emocional. O Grupo Controle recebeu as orientações habituais dos serviços de saúde. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada usando o instrumento Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF) e o Módulo Old (WHOQOL-OLD) em 1 semana, 2 meses e 1 ano após a alta. Resultados: os cuidadores eram principalmente mulheres, filhos ou cônjuges. Os cuidadores do Grupo Intervenção e do Grupo Controle não diferiram significativamente em termos de Qualidade de Vida Geral no início do estudo. Não houve efeito de interação entre a alocação do grupo e a Qualidade de Vida Geral (p=0,625) ao longo do tempo. No entanto, houve efeito de interação para Relações Sociais (p=0,019) e Autonomia (p=0,004). Conclusão: a intervenção apresentou efeito estatisticamente significativo na qualidade de vida dos cuidadores familiares no que diz respeito às relações sociais e autonomia. Registro do ensaio clínico: NCT02807012.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de intervenciones de atención domiciliaria de enfermería sobre la calidad de vida en cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores sobrevivientes de accidentes cerebrovasculares. Método: Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado, cegado para la evaluación de los desenlaces. Los participantes del estudio fueron 48cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores sobrevivientes de accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV). El Grupo Intervención recibió tres visitas domiciliarias a cargo de enfermeros un mes después del alta hospitalaria, en las que se les ofreció instrucción relacionada con ACV (es decir, cómo acceder a los servicios de salud y realizar las actividades inherentes a los cuidados) y apoyo emocional. Al Grupo Control se le brindó la orientación habitual de los servicios de salud. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante el instrumento World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) y el módulo Old(WHOQOL-OLD) 1semana, 2meses y 1año después del alta. Resultados: en su mayoría, los cuidadores fueron mujeres, hijos o cónyuges. Los cuidadores de los grupos Intervención y Control no presentaron diferencias significativas en términos de su Calidad de Vida general de base. La intervención no ejerció ningún efecto entre la asignación a los grupos y la Calidad de Vida general(p=0,625) con el transcurso del tiempo. Sin embargo, la intervención sí tuvo efecto sobre las Relaciones Sociales (p=0,019) y la Autonomía(p=0,004). Conclusión: la intervención ejerció un efecto estadísticamente significativo sobre la calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares con respecto a las relaciones sociales y a la autonomía. Registro del ensayo: NCT02807012.

Genética y genómica de la longevidad y el envejecimiento / Genetics and genomics of longevity and aging

El envejecimiento y la longevidad son procesos que involucran una serie de factores genéticos, bioquímicos y ambientales. En esta revisión se tratan algunas cuestiones sobre estos dos procesos biológicos y epigenéticos. Se presentan los genes más importantes en estos procesos, así como se ejemplifican enfermedades que presentan un aceleramiento o falla en la longevidad y el envejecimiento. Se usa el análisis inteligente de datos para hallar interacciones de proteínas/genes que expliquen estos dos fenómenos biológicos.

Aging and longevity are processes that involve a series of genetic, biochemical and environmental factors. This review addresses some issues about these two biological and epigenetic processes. The most important genes in these processes are presented, as well as diseases that present an acceleration or failure in longevity and aging. Intelligent data analysis is used to find protein/gene interactions that explain these two biological phenomena.

Social support network, functional capacity and mental health in older adults / Rede de suporte social, capacidade funcional e saúde mental em pessoas idosas / Red de apoyo social, capacidad funcional y salud mental en personas mayores

This study aimed to describe the characteristics of the social networks of older adults and to assess associations between social support, functional capacity and mental health. The sample consisted of 134 community-dwelling older adults, assessed in terms of their social network through the Minimum Map of Older Adult Relationships; functional capacity for performance in activities of daily living; depressive symptoms, assessed through the Geriatric Depression Scale and; anxiety, assessed through the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Cluster analyses were performed. The social network was characterized by being informal, functioning as affective support that occurs through visits. Social support perceived as insufficient was more frequent in men, in those who were dependent regarding instrumental activities of daily living, and in those with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Reduced social support networks and lack of support were associated with limitations in functional capacity and worse mental health, sparking debate about the centrality of the family in the provision of support.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou descrever as características da rede social de pessoas idosas e avaliar associações entre apoio social, capacidade funcional e saúde mental. A amostra foi composta por 134 idosos comunitários, avaliados quanto à rede social pelo Mapa Mínimo das Relações do Idoso; capacidade funcional pelo desempenho em atividades de vida diária; sintomas depressivos, avaliados pela Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e; ansiedade, avaliada pelo Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck. Foram realizadas análises de conglomerados. A rede social caracterizou-se por ser informal, funcionando como suporte afetivo que ocorre por meio de visitas. O apoio social percebido como insuficiente foi mais frequente no sexo masculino, entre idosos dependentes em atividades instrumentais de vida diária, com ansiedade e sintomas depressivos. Redes de suporte social reduzidas e com baixo apoio estão associadas com limitações na capacidade funcional e pior saúde mental, colocando em debate a centralidade da família na provisão de suporte.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir las características de la red social de personas mayores y evaluar las asociaciones entre el apoyo social, la capacidad funcional y la salud mental. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 134 ancianos comunitarios, quienes fueron evaluados en cuanto a su red social mediante el Mapa Mínimo de Relaciones del Anciano; su capacidad funcional en las actividades de la vida diaria; los síntomas depresivos mediante la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica; y la ansiedad a través del Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck. Se realizaron análisis de conglomerados. La red social se caracterizó por ser informal, funcionando como apoyo afectivo que se manifiesta a través de visitas. El apoyo social percibido como insuficiente fue más frecuente en el sexo masculino, entre los ancianos dependientes en actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria, y aquellos con síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. Las redes de apoyo social reducidas y con bajo apoyo se asocian con limitaciones en la capacidad funcional y un peor estado de salud mental, lo que plantea el debate sobre el papel central de la familia en la provisión de apoyo.(AU)

Acupuncture in the Treatment of a Series of Patients with Chronic Pain Associated with Hip Osteoarthritis / Acupuntura no tratamento de uma série de pacientes com dor crônica associado à osteoartrite de quadril

Abstract Objective Hip osteoarthritis (HO) causes pain and deranges functioning. Surgical treatment is the preferred approach in severe cases, but clinical comorbidities, age and the long waiting list may compromise quality of life. This study aimed to describe the results of acupuncture for the control pain and improvement of functioning in subjects with HO. Method Twelve severe HO patients were treated with ten weekly sessions of a standardized acupuncture point protocol. Pain intensity was assessed with the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) and quality of life with WOMAC Index. Results Pain intensity (VAS) reduced from 75.8 ± 18.8 mm to 20.0 ± 22.6 mm after 10 acupuncture sessions and 48.3 ± 26.6mm in the follow-up (ANOVA F = 7.99; p < 0.001). WOMAC Index values reduced from 74.7 ± 12.7 to 45.7 ± 22.1 and 54.6 ± 22.9 at the same timepoints. Conclusion Acupuncture is an effective conservative rehabilitation strategy to reduce pain and improve quality of life in subjects with severe HO.

Resumo Objetivo A osteoartrite (OA) de quadril causa dor e perda da funcionalidade. O tratamento cirúrgico é a procedimento de escolha nos casos graves, mas as comorbidades clínicas, a idade e a longa lista de espera podem comprometer a qualidade de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os resultados da acupuntura no controle da dor e melhora da funcionalidade em indivíduos com OA de quadril. Método Doze pacientes com OA de quadril grave foram tratados com dez sessões semanais de um protocolo padronizado de pontos de acupuntura. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela Escala Visual Analógica de Dor (EVA) e a qualidade de vida pelo Índice WOMAC. Resultados A intensidade da dor (EVA) reduziu de 75,8 ± 18,8mm para 20,0 ± 22,6mm após 10 sessões de acupuntura e 48,3 ± 26,6mm no período de seguimento (ANOVA F = 7,99; p < 0,001). Os valores do Índice WOMAC reduziram de 74,7 ± 12,7 para 45,7 ± 22,1 e 54,6 ± 22,9 nos mesmos momentos. Conclusão A acupuntura é uma estratégia de reabilitação conservadora eficaz para reduzir a dor e melhorar a qualidade de vida em indivíduos com OA de quadril grave.

Reabilitação vestibular: sua efetividade após a alta / Vestibular rehabilitation: Its effectiveness after discharge / Rehabilitación vestibular: su efectividad después del alta

ntrodução: A reabilitação vestibular é um tratamento para tontura crônica que utiliza exercícios personalizados visando restaurar o controle postural e reduzir a tontura. Pouco se discute na literatura sobre os benefícios em longo prazo desta intervenção. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil dos pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Reabilitação Vestibular e verificar a melhora do equilíbrio corporal após a alta fonoaudiológica. Métodos: Foram colhidas informações acerca dos dados sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, tratamento anterior e queixas existentes. As informações foram obtidas por contato telefônico e acesso aos prontuários. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram 26 indivíduos, sendo 21 (80,8%) do gênero feminino, com média de idade de 67 anos. A queixa principal foi tontura não rotatória. O resultado do teste vestibular mais comum foi hipofunção vestibular unilateral. Dentre os entrevistados, 25 (96,2%) relataram melhora dos sintomas com o tratamento, com redução da pontuação obtida no Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Sete participantes (26,9%) permaneceram assintomáticos desde o término da reabilitação. Aqueles que relataram ainda sentirem tontura, descreveram que esta possui menor intensidade que no período anterior à intervenção.Conclusão: Houve prevalência de indivíduos do gênero feminino, idosos, com ensino fundamental incompleto, sem diagnóstico otoneurológico estabelecido, com queixa de tontura não rotatória e resultado do teste vestibular de hipofunção vestibular unilateral.A reabilitação vestibular foi eficaz para redução dos sintomas apresentados. A exposição sucessiva aos exercícios após o tratamento auxilia na manutenção do equilíbrio. Contudo, a adesão à realização dos exercícios após a alta ainda é baixa. (AU)

Introduction: Vestibular rehabilitation is a treatment for chronic dizziness that uses personalized exercises aimed at restoring postural control and reducing dizziness. There is little discussion in the literature about the long-term benefits of this intervention. Objectives: To describe the profile of patients seen at the Vestibular Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic and verify body balance improvement after speech-language-hearing therapy discharge. Methods: Sociodemographic data, diagnosis, previous treatment, and existing complaints were collected. The information was obtained via phone calls and medical records. The data were statistically analyzed using a significance level of 5%. Results: 26 individuals participated, of whom 21 (80.8%) were female, with a mean age of 67 years. The main complaint was non-rotational dizziness. The most common vestibular test result was unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Among the interviewees, 25 (96.2%) reported improved symptoms after the treatment, with reduced Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores. Seven participants (26.9%) remained asymptomatic since the end of rehabilitation. Those who still reported dizziness described it as less intense than before the intervention. Conclusion: There was a prevalence of females, older adults with incomplete middle school, no established otoneurological diagnosis, complaint of non-rotational dizziness, and vestibular test results of unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Vestibular rehabilitation effectively reduced the symptoms. Successive exposure to exercises after treatment helps maintain balance. However, adherence to exercise after discharge is still low. (AU)

Introducción: La rehabilitación vestibular es un tratamiento para la vértigo crónico que utiliza ejercicios personalizados con el objetivo de restaurar el control postural y reducir el vértigo. Hay poco debate en la literatura sobre los beneficios a largo plazo de esta intervención. Objetivos: Describir el perfil de los pacientes atendidos en el Ambulatorio de Rehabilitación Vestibular y verificar la mejora del equilibrio corporal después del alta fonoaudiológica. Métodos: Se recopilaron información sobre datos sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, tratamiento previo y quejas que aún persistían. La información se obtuvo por contacto telefónico y acceso a los registros médicos. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente utilizando un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: Participaron 26 individuos, siendo 21 (80,8%) del género femenino, con una edad promedio de 67 años. La queja principal fue vértigo no rotatorio. El resultado del examen vestibular más común fue hipofunción vestibular unilateral. Entre los entrevistados, 25 (96,2%) informaron una mejora en los síntomas con el tratamiento, con una reducción en la puntuación obtenida en el Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Siete participantes (26,9%) permanecieron asintomáticos desde el final de la rehabilitación. Aquellos que informaron que todavía experimentaban vértigo describieron que este tenía una intensidad menor que en el período anterior a la intervención. Conclusión: Hubo una prevalencia de individuos del género femenino, ancianos, con educación primaria incompleta, sin un diagnóstico otoneurológico establecido, con queja de vértigo no rotatorio y un resultado del examen vestibular de hipofunción vestibular unilateral. La rehabilitación vestibular fue efectiva para reducir los síntomas presentados. La exposición sucesiva a los ejercicios después del tratamiento ayuda a mantener el equilibrio. Sin embargo, la adherencia a la realización de los ejercicios después del alta sigue siendo baja. (AU)

Avaliação de condição de saúde bucal de idosos institucionalizados: revisão integrativa / Assessment of oral health conditions of institutionalized elderly: integrative review / Evaluaciónde las condiciones de salud bucal de ancianos institucionalizados: revisión integrativa

Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, é esperado que a população idosa se faça presente cada dia mais na sociedade. Por esse motivo, é importante reconhecer as necessidades de saúde desse grupo de pessoas que vivem institucionalizadas, para que a odontogeriatria atue de forma mais ativa e proceda de maneira mais efetiva, atendendo as demandas priorizando uma maior qualidade de vida.Objetivo:Identificar as principais alterações que acometem a cavidade oral de idosos institucionalizados. Metodologia:Fez-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados LILACS, BBO, IBECS, SciELOe PubMed. Foram usados os descritores "Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado", "idoso" e "odontologia" junto de seus sinônimos e variações em inglês, retirados do DeCS e MeSH. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos originais, artigos nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, estudos que envolveram pessoas e sem restrição quanto ao ano de publicação. Foram excluídos estudos feitos em animais, revisões de literatura, capítulos de livros, teses e dissertações. Resultados:Foram identificados 555 registros. Desses, 15artigos foram selecionados para compor a revisão. Diversas alterações orais foram encontradas. As principais foram hiperplasia tecidual, estomatite e xerostomia, candidíase e halitose. Sendo os principais fatores causadores: má higiene oral, medicamentos utilizados e má adaptação de próteses dentárias. Conclusões:Considerando os resultados da análise dessa revisão integrativa, pode-se concluir que a hiperplasia tecidual, estomatite, xerostomia são as alterações mais predominantes nos idosos institucionalizados (AU).

With the increase in life expectancy, it is expected that the elderly population will become more and more present in society. For this reason, it is important to recognize the health needs of this group of people who live institutionalized, so that geriatric dentistry acts more actively and proceeds more effectively, meeting the demands prioritizing a better quality of life. Objective:To identify the main alterations that affect the oral cavity of institutionalized elderly.Methodology:An integrative review was carried out in the LILACS, BBO, IBECS, SciELO and PubMed databases. The descriptors were used "Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado", "idoso" e "odontologia"together with its synonyms and variations in English, taken from DeCS and MeSH. The inclusion criteria were original articles, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, studies involving people and without restriction regarding the year of publication. Animal studies, book chapters,literature review,theses and dissertations were excluded. Results:555 records were identified. Of these, 15articles were selected to compose the review. Several oral alterations were found. The main ones were tissue hyperplasia, stomatitis and xerostomia, candidiasis and halitosis. The main causative factors being: poor oral hygiene, medications used and poor adaptation of dental prostheses.Conclusions:Considering the analysis results of this integrativereview, it can be concluded that tissue hyperplasia, stomatitis, xerostomia are the most predominant changes in institutionalized elderly (AU).

Con el aumento de la esperanza de vida, se espera que la población anciana estécada vez más presente en la sociedad. Por eso, es importante reconocer las necesidades de salud de este grupo de personas que viven institucionalizadas, para que la odontología geriátrica actúe más activamente y proceda con mayor eficacia, atendiendo las demandas priorizando una mejor calidad de vida.Objetivo: Identificar las principales alteraciones que afectan la cavidad oral de ancianos institucionalizados.Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integradora en las bases de datos LILACS, BBO, IBECS, SciELO y PubMed. Se usaron los descriptores"Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado", "idoso" e "odontologia"Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos originales, artículos en portugués, inglés y español, estudios involucrando personas y sin restricción en cuantoal año de publicación. Se excluyeron estudios en animales, revision de literatura, capítulos de libros, tesis y disertaciones.Resultados: Se identificaron 555 registros. De estos, 15artículos fueron seleccionados para componer la revisión. Se encontraron varias alteraciones orales. Los principales fueron hiperplasia tisular, estomatitis y xerostomía, candidiasis y halitosis. Siendo los principales factores causales: la mala higiene bucal, los medicamentos utilizados y la mala adaptación de las prótesis dentales.Conclusiones: Considerando los resultados del análisis de esta revisión integrativa, se puede concluir que la hiperplasia tisular, la estomatitis, la xerostomía son las alteraciones más predominantes en los ancianos institucionalizados (AU).

Programa del Adulto Mayor y su impacto integral en el municipio Trinidad, periodo 2020-2022 / Elderly Adult Program and its integral impact in Trinidad municipality, period 2020-2022

Fundamento: Con el aumento de la esperanza de vida en Cuba se hace necesario insertar al adulto mayor en la actividad física comunitaria, que es uno de los procesos de funcionamiento del Instituto Nacional de Deportes, Educación Física y Recreación, mediante el Programa del Adulto Mayor para mejorar la calidad de vida de este grupo etario. Objetivo: Determinar los rasgos distintivos que caracterizan el impacto integral del Programa del Adulto Mayor en la calidad de vida de los practicantes del municipio Trinidad en la provincia Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó estudio exploratorio que incluyó a 10 directivos y 65 profesores que atienden directamente el Programa del Adulto Mayor en el municipio Trinidad y 64 adultos mayores practicantes sistemáticos; a profesores y directivos se les realizaron entrevistas. Se utilizaron los métodos inductivo-deductivo, análisis de documento, medición y la entrevista. Los métodos estadísticos matemáticos se aplicaron para el procesamiento de los datos, específicamente dentro de la estadística descriptiva se utilizaron tablas de distribución empírica de frecuencias. Resultados: El Programa e Indicaciones metodológicas no ofrecen información relacionada con el impacto integral del mismo, el 100 % de los directivos considera necesario que se investigue en relación con el impacto integral de este Programa, la totalidad de los profesores entrevistados expresaron que solo se evalúa la condición física del adulto mayor. El 80 % de los adultos mayores se sienten satisfechos con su estado de salud y el 98 % consideraron que el Programa mejora su calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Se ofrecen los rasgos distintivos que caracterizan el impacto integral del Programa del Adulto Mayor; las deficiencias detectadas orientan la necesidad de evaluar de forma integral el impacto del mismo en la calidad de vida de los practicantes sistemáticos.

Background: Due to the increase in life expectation in Cuba, it becomes necessary to insert the elderly adults in community physical activity, which is one of National Institute of Sports, Physical Education and Recreation functioning processes, by means of the Elderly Adult Program to improve quality of life in this age group. Objective: To determine the distinguishing features that characterize the integral impact of the Elderly Adult Program on the quality of life of the participants of the Municipality of Trinidad in the Province of Sancti Spiritus. Methodology: An exploratory study was conducted that included 10 managers and 65 teachers who directly attend the Elderly Adult Program in the municipality of Trinidad and 64 systematically practicing elderly adults; interviews were conducted with teachers and managers. Inductive-deductive methods, document analysis, measurement and interview were used. Mathematical-statistical methods were applied to process the data, specifically, within the descriptive statistics, empirical frequency distribution tables were used. Results: The Program and Methodological Indications do not offer information relating to the integral program impact, 100% of the managers consider necessary to investigate the integral impact of the program, most of the teachers interviewed said that only the physical condition of elderly adults is evaluated. The 80% of them are satisfied with their health and 98% believe the program improves their quality of life. Conclusions: The features that characterize the integral impact of the Senior Program are offered; the deficiencies detected suggest the need for a comprehensive evaluation of its impact on the life quality of systematic practitioners.

Recomendações para o rastreamento do câncer de mama no Brasil do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia, da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastologia e da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / Recommendations for breast cancer screening in Brazil from the Brazilian College of Radiology, the Brazilian Society of Mastology and the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations

Objetivo: Apresentar a atualização das recomendações do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastologia e da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia para o rastreamento do câncer de mama no Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: Foram feitas buscas das evidências científicas publicadas nas bases Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CINAHL e Lilacs, entre janeiro de 2012 e julho de 2022. As recomendações foram baseadas nessas evidências, mediante consenso da comissão de especialistas das três entidades. Recomendações: O rastreamento mamográfico anual é recomendado para as mulheres de risco habitual entre 40 e 74 anos. Acima de 75 anos, deve ser reservado para as que tenham expectativa de vida maior que sete anos. Mulheres com risco maior que o habitual, entre elas as com mamas densas, com história pessoal de hiperplasia lobular atípica, carcinoma lobular in situ clássico, hiperplasia ductal atípica, tratamento de câncer de mama ou de irradiação no tórax antes dos 30 anos ou, ainda, portadoras de mutação genética ou com forte história familiar, beneficiam-se do rastreamento complementar, sendo consideradas de forma individualizada. A tomossíntese é uma evolução da mamografia e deve ser considerada no rastreamento, sempre que acessível e disponível. (AU)

Objective: To present the update of the recommendations of the Brazilian College of Radiology, the Brazilian Society of Mastology and the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations for breast cancer screening in Brazil. Materials and Methods: Scientific evidence published in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ebsco, Cinahl and Lilacs between January 2012 and July 2022 was searched. Recommendations were based on this evidence, by consensus of the expert committee of the three entities. Recommendations: Annual mammographic screening is recommended for women aged between 40 and 74 years old. Above 75 years should be reserved for those with a life expectancy greater than seven years. Women at higher than usual risk, including those with dense breasts, a personal history of atypical lobular hyperplasia, classic lobular carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, treatment for breast câncer, chest irradiation before age 30, carriers of genetic mutation or with a strong family history, benefit from complementary screening, being considered individually. Tomosynthesis is an evolution of mammography and should be considered in screening, whenever accessible and available. (AU)

Avaliação do grau de deficiência e qualidade de vida de idosos com estomia / Evaluación de la deficiencia y calidad de vida de los ancianos con ostomia / Assessment of the degree of disability and quality of life of elderly ostomy people

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e grau de deficiência da pessoa idosa com estomia. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com pessoas idosas com estomias de um serviço público de saúde brasileiro que foram avaliadas pelos instrumentos City of Hope ­ Quality of Life ­ Ostomy Questionary e pelo WHO Disability Assessment Schedule. Resultados: A qualidade de vida média foi de 8,0 e o grau de deficiência 3,8. Houve associação entre aptidão para o autocuidado e a melhor qualidade de vida (p<0,005). A associação é maior entre os domínios bem-estar psicológico e espiritual entre idosos, aptos para o autocuidado ou não. O bem-estar espiritual se mostrou maior entre aqueles com mais de cinco anos de cirurgia. Também houve associação entre maior grau de deficiência e quando a causa da estomia era câncer (p<0,003). Conclusão: Idosos com estomia apresentaram boa qualidade de vida e baixo grau de deficiência.

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida y el grado de discapacidad de ancianos ostomizados. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con ancianos ostomizados de un servicio público de salud brasileño que fueron evaluados mediante el City of Hope ­ Quality of Life ­ Ostomy Questionary y el WHO Disability Assessment Schedule. Resultados: La calidad de vida media fue de 8,0 y el grado de discapacidad de 3,8. Hubo asociación entre la aptitud para el autocuidado y una mejor calidad de vida (p<0,005). La asociación es mayor entre los dominios de bienestar psicológico y espiritual entre los ancianos, ancianos capaces de autocuidado. El bienestar espiritual también fue mayor entre aquellos con más de cinco años de cirugía. También hubo asociación entre mayor grado de discapacidad y cuando la causa de la ostomía fue cáncer (p<0,003). Conclusión: Los ancianos ostomizados tenían una buena calidad de vida y un bajo grado de discapacidad.

Objective: To assess the quality of life and degree of disability of elderly people with ostomies. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with elderly people with ostomies from a Brazilian public health service. They were evaluated using the City of Hope ­ Quality of Life ­ Ostomy Questionnaire and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule. Results: The mean quality of life was 8.0 and the degree of disability was 3.8. There was an association between aptitude for self-care andbetter quality of life (p<0.005). The association is greater between the psychological and spiritual well-being domains among the elderly, elderly able to self-care. Spiritual well-being was also higher among those with more than five years of surgery. There was also an association between a higher degree of disability and when the cause of the ostomy was cancer (p<0.003). Conclusion: Elderly people with an ostomy had a good quality of life and a low degree of disability.

Transición en las enfermedades crónicas gastrointestinales. Del cuidado pediátrico al del adulto / Transition in chronic gastrointestinal diseases. From pediatric to adult care

Los avances tecnológicos y del conocimiento hicieron que un mayor número de pacientes con enfermedad crónica gastrointestinal pasen de ser atendidos por el pediatra al control por los médicos de adultos durante una de las etapas más vulnerables de la vida: la adolescencia. El Grupo de Trabajo de Transición del Comité de Gastroenterología de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría realizó una búsqueda de literatura exhaustiva y convocó a especialistas referentes del país, con el objeto de unificar los criterios basados en la evidencia y la experiencia. De esta manera, se proponen una serie de recomendaciones para todo el equipo de salud (pediatra, gastroenterólogo infantil, nutricionista, gastroenterólogo de adultos, psicólogo, enfermería), incluso para pacientes y familias, que faciliten el proceso de transición y optimicen el seguimiento, el control, la prevención de complicaciones y la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas gastrointestinales

Technological advances and the globalization of knowledge have led to a considerable increase in the number of patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease who transition from pediatric to adult care during one of the most vulnerable life stages: adolescence. The Transition Working Group of the Gastroenterology Committee of the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría conducted an exhaustive literature search and summoned leading specialists in the most frequent chronic pathologies from all over the country to unify criteria based on evidence and experience. As a result, a series of recommendations are proposed for the whole health team (pediatrician, pediatric gastroenterologist, nutritionist, adult gastroenterologist, psychologist, and nurse) including patients and families, to facilitate the transition process, optimize follow-up, prevent complications, and improve the quality of life of patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases.

Relación entre la distancia recorrida en la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos y el sexo, la edad, comorbilidades y la disnea en pacientes con EPOC / Relationship between the Distance Traveled in the Test of 6- Minute Walk and Sex, Age, Comorbidities and Dyspnea in Patients with CORP

Introducción: la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un trastorno res-piratorio caracterizado por síntomas clínicos y compromiso funcional que afecta la ca-pacidad aeróbica limitando las actividades cotidianas y la calidad de vida. La prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (C6M) es una prueba sencilla y de bajo costo que evalúa la capa-cidad de los pacientes para realizar sus actividades cotidianas. Objetivo: evaluar la re-lación entre la capacidad aeróbica medida por la distancia recorrida en la C6M y el se-xo, edad, disnea y comorbilidades cardiometabólicas en pacientes con EPOC. Material y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo, basado en pruebas de caminatas de 6 minutos (C6M) realizadas en pacientes con EPOC. Resultados: se evaluaron 101 pacientes, hombres (63,4%), con una edad promedio de 74,1±8,7 años. Al correlacionar C6M con otras variables se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La distancia media recorrida fue mayor en hombres que en mujeres (DM: 58,3 metros, IC 95%; 16 - 100,6, p=0,007). Los pacientes < 75 años, sin comorbilidades y disnea < 2 tu-vieron mejor desempeño en la C6M que los > 75 años (DM; 62,012 metros IC 95% 21,5 - 102,4, p=0,003), con comorbilidades (DM: 42,2 metros, IC 95%, 0.003 - 84,4; p=0,050) y disnea ≥ 2 (DM: 65,8 IC 95% 23,9 - 107,6, p=0,002). Conclusiones: el sexo femenino, la presencia de comorbilidad cardiovascular y metabólica, y la edad se asocian con dis-minución en la capacidad física aeróbica y funcional en los pacientes con EPOC. (AU)

Introduction: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disorder characterized by clinical symptoms and functional impairment that affects aerobic capacity, limiting daily activities and quality of life. The 6-minute walk test (C6M) is a simple, low-cost test that assesses a patient's ability to perform their daily activities. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between aerobic capacity measured by the distance covered in the C6M and gender, age, dyspnea and cardiometabolic comorbidities in patients with COPD. Materials and methods: cross-sectional, descriptive study, based on 6-minute walk tests (C6M) performed in patients with COPD. Results: 101 male patients (63.4%), with a mean age of 74.1 ± 8.7 years, were evaluated. When correlating C6M with other variables, statistically significant differences were found. The mean distance traveled was greater in men than in women (MD: 58.3 meters, 95% CI: 16 - 100.6, p=0.007). Patients <75 years old, without comorbidities and dyspnea <2 had better performance in the C6M than those >75 years old (MD; 62 meters CI 95% 21.5 - 102.4, p=0.003), with comorbidities (MD: 42.2 meters, 95% CI, 0.003 - 84.4; p=0.050) and dyspnea ≥ 2 (MD: 65.8, 95% CI 23.9 - 107.6, p=0.002). Conclusions: female sex, the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidity, and age are associated with decreased aerobic and functional physical capacity in patients with COPD. (AU)